Machine for refining paper stock



Aug. 9, 1938. w. v. KNOLL MACHINE FOR REFINING PAPER STOCK Filed July 8, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented Aug. e, 193s 2,126,264

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE MACHINE FOR REFINING PAPER STOCK William V. Knoll, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to Mid- Vileist-Fulton Machine Company, Dayton, o

Application July 8, 1936, Serial No. 89,586 3 Claims. (Cl. 92-24) This invention relates to improvements in paper be raised almost instantly from a state of rest stock rellning apparatus and particularly to ap to the` peripheral speed of the roll. Except in paratus including a beater engine. It embodies cases where engines of this class are revolved at some of the principles employed in my Patent No. a slow inetlicient speed, the power consumed in 5 2,061,622 of Nov. 24, 1936. thus overcoming the inertia of the-material at 5 Apparatus of this kind usually comprises a the inlet is extremely high. beater engine 4with a storage and conveying It has, however, been heretofore proposed to trough for receiving the beaten stock from the employ, in combination with a tank and beater beater outlet and returning it to the inlet for engine, aseparate pump for circulating the fluid further ,beating mass through the system, these efforts having 10 These commercial beater engines usually commainly `for their object the provision of means to prise a large bladed roll of great weight, the relieve the beater engine of the burden of dis-y blades of which rotate in proximity to the bladed charging the stock over the relatively high backbedplate over which the stock passes.l Adjustfall, Which at the best plOVideS a Very Small head,

15 ment is provided for letting the roll downward and providing instead a greater fall Capable 0f 15 toward the bedplate to compensate for wear, but moving the beaten stock away from the beater there is nothing except the weight of the roll to outletmore rapidly. prevent it from moving upward. In my U. S. Patent No. 1,793,095 of February The number of cutting blades which may be 17, .1931, the apparatus shown contemplates,

`employed in the bedplate, and consequently the among` other features, the use of a small high 20 disintegrating capacity of a beater of this type speed beater roll and a separate pump, the pump -is therefore limited by the ability of the roll, due being arranged not only to relieve'the beater of to its Weight, to keep its blades in substantial the burden of raising the fluid mass over a backcontact with the blades of the bedplate. The fall, but also to deliver it to the beater inlet under :5 result is that when a bedplate having a relatively pressure, the object being to cause the pressure 25 large number of `cutting blades is employed, the so applied to more thoroughly ll the pockets beroll which will, in operation, remain in substantween adjacent blades of the roll even when the tial contact with the bedplate `is exceedingly roll is being operated at exceptionally high speed heavy, consuming a large amount of power to and thereby to increase the capacity of the beater .'10 merely overcome its resistance to rotation. engine. 0

In refining apparatus of the aforesaid charac- But while thus delivering the stock under pres- 'a ter the beater engine must not only serve the sure to the beater inlet has its advantages over purpose of cutting and disintegrating the stock common practice in more completely lling the but must serve also as a pumping means capable spaces between the blades of a roll operating at of raising the beaten stock over a relatively high high speed, thereby enabling a smaller roll to 35 backfall,` thereby to provide a sufficient head to disintegrate a greater amount of stock in a given cause the stock to move away from the beater time, it` will be found that a considerable portion outlet through the storage and conveying trough of this gain is again lost due to the fact that the back to the inlet. Inasmuch as a beater engine, pressure is radially applied to the beater roll, and

.lo properly constructed to be eflicient as such, is to that extent results in greater unit pressure highly ineilicient as a pumping means for raising being applied to the roll bearings creating higher a iiuid to a highenlevel a large amount of power friction losses, this effect being, of course, greater is thus wasted. as the pressure at the inlet is made higher.

Another disadvantage, in apparatus of this Furthermore, in my U. S. Patent No. 1,793,095,

kind, is that the stock returns to the beater inlet no provision was made or contemplated to insure 45 and is brought into contact with the revolving that the incoming material shall be moving at a beater roll at substantially no pressure, the result velocity substantially equal to the peripheral being that thespaces between the roll blades do speed of the roll before it is permitted to come not nll except when the roll is revolved at a slow in contact with, and enter into the spacesV beineilicient speed. Furthermore, the stock in contween the roll blades. l

tact with the roll at the beater inlet is under Now theprime consideration in the design of substantially zero velocity until' brought into a beater roll is its capacity to cut and disintegrate motion by the roll itself.` The result is that each the brous material, Whereas its ability as a time a volume of the material enters the space pump to move the uid, and as an engine capable between two blades of the roll, this volume must of being acted upon by the fluid is necessarily 55 oi secondary importance. But while the beater roll of common practice, as employed to raise the material over the backiall to a higher head is highly inemcient as a pump, using power for this purpose out of all proportion to the head created, this type of roll when designed with full consideration of itsdisintegrating capacity has been Afound to be relatively eIIicient as a turbine wheel when uid under velocity has been applied thereto.

Systems employing this turbine principle have been proposed in several instances, yet in none of them have structures been provided which have their disintegrating and turbine elements arranged in a relation to each other which gives best results.

It is therefore an object of this invention to greatly increase the capacity of a stock reilning unit of a given size, by providing`a beater engine `having a power driven roll with means extraneous to the beater roll for delivering the stock through the beater inlet to the periphery of the roll at high velocity, and causing it to impinge on the roll blades substantially tangential thereto after the manner of a turbine, and at a point immediately adjacent the bedplate, the speed of the stock being preferably at least equal tothe peripheral speed at which the roll is beingpower driven, to the end that the stock, which for eiilcient operation must necessarily move through the beater at great speed, will, in doing so, preferably relieve the power means of as much driving effort as would otherwise be consumed in the circulating function, and further, by including means not dependent on rotation of the beater roll to move the4 stock away from the beater outlet so as to relieve the beater roll of the burden of raising the stock over a backfall to a higher level, whereby the power` applied to the beater roll shaft is such only as is required for cutting and disintegrating the material.

In the apparatus disclosed in my Patent No. 2,061,662 of Nov. 24, 1936, the nozzle opening which was provided for converting the pressure, which the stock was under, in'to'velocity, and directing it tangentially against the roll, was horizontally as wide as the roll, but vertically as narrow as the stock being delivered to the apparatus was capable of passing through without clogging. This was the limiting factor of the structure.

It is therefore a further object to provide, in

M the apparatus herein disclosed, nozzle construction which will convert a given pressure to a still higher velocity and direct it against the roll blades in the most efl'ective manner, to the end that a still further saving in power consumption may be effected.

That these and other objects and meritorious features of the invention are attained will become apparent upon consideration of the description, reference being Ahad to the drawings, where-l Fig. 1 is a plan view of the stock refining apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation.

Fig. 3 is a rear end elevation.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary section through the nozzle structure taken at 4-4 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 is a still further enlarged fragmentary viewthru the nozzle structure taken at 5-5 of Figs. 1 and 4.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts thruout the several views.l

Referring now to the drawings, the beater engine, which may be broadly designated by the numeral I0, comprises a roll II supported by the shaft I2 rotatable in bearings I4. The bearings I4 are held' in bearing blocks I6 vertically slidable in the end frames Il. Threaded rods 2li are f non-rotatably secured in the tops of the blocks I6 and extend through threaded openings in worm wheels contained within the gear casing 22. The worm wheels are rotatable by worms within the casing operable by the shaft 24 whereby the roll may be raised or lowered and held positively In any position to which it may be moved.

On the periphery of the roll I I are a plurality of blades 28, spaced to form pockets 21, and secured in the bedplate 2l are the bedplate bars lll, the ends of the bars being held by the plate close to the ends of the roll blades in the usual manner.

The forward end of the Inlet housing 22 is secured to the roll housing by the ilange 34, the rearward end thereof being secured to the supply pipe 36 by the flange 38. 'I'he inside of the inlet housing tapers sharply from the ange 38 toward the flange 34 thereby providing the narrow passage 40 through which the stock is discharged against the roll blades.

In my Patent No. 2,061,662 of Nov. 24, 1936, the narrow discharge'nozzle is in the form of a slot, the horizontal dimension of which is substantially the width of the roll and the vertical or narrow dimension is substantially the radial depth of one of the spaces between two vroll blades. But while lessening the vertical dimension of the nozzle slot was found to increase the nozzle velocity of the material, the capacity of the nozzle to pass lumps in the stock passing through, became, of course, proportionally less.

In the structure herein disclosed, the vertical dimension of the nozzle is made somewhat greater, and the opening is then divided by a series of tapering partitions 42, thereby dividing the main nozzle, 'near its end, into a series of separate openings 44 between the partitions, the combined width of these openings being, in the structure shown, somewhat less than half the width of the roll. With this structure it vwas found that, although the vertical or smallest dimension of the opening was greater, and for that reason greater lumps could be passed through the nozzle, the discharge velocity was greatly increased.

The openings 44 are shown square, tapering toward the outlet both in their vertical and horizontal dimensions. It will be evident, however, that round tapering openings or openings or any other suitable shape may be employed. It is important, however, that the ends of the nozzle openings beV far enough from the roll blades to allow the stock to spread laterally, that is, in a direction lengthwise of the roll, before it reaches a position between the roll blades at the first bedplate bar, as otherwise the spaces between the blades would be lfilled only at points in line with the openings 44 thus leaving points in line with the partitions 42 unfilled.

opening M'is therefore spread in a direction lengthwise of the roll by the plate 46 before the, stream reaches the edge of the ilrst bed plate bar. The upper half of a stream encounters the roll blades 26 sooner than the lower half and is consequently also spread laterally but by impact with the blades, so that by the time the upper half of a stream of stock reaches a point opposite the first bed plate bar it is spread laterally like'the lower half. y

It will be observed that the point at which the incoming stock strikes the beater roll is substantially at the first bed plate bar. This is important for the reason that as soon as a pocket 2l Vhas been lled with stock, the high speed at which the roll rotates causes` that stock to be thrown radially outward with a force substantially equal to the force with which the stock impinges on the roll blades. This is not objectionable where the stock strikes the roll blades substantially at the beginning of the bedplate bars, for it is desirable to have the stock forced radially outward toward the bedplate'bars to aid disintegration.

Where, however, the nozzle structure directs the stream against the roll farther around the circumference at a point in advance of the bedplate bars, most of the gain due to the turbine edeet is lost, because centrifugal force creates a tendency of movement of the stock in the pockets il in a radial direction, thereby producing pressure on the inside of the roll housing, thus od'ering a resistance against which' the stock in the pockets must be moved circumferentially from the nozzle openings around to the bed plate.

The complete apparatus comprises a beater engine i as hereinbefore described, together with a`storage and conveying trough 50 supported on columns 52 and a pump 54, the pump being operated by an electric motor 56 directly connected thereto and the beater by a second electric motor I drivably connected to the beater engine I0 by a silent chain 6,0. The pump 54 is supported, on the lower floor 62 and the beater engine Ill on a base 54 on the upper oor 66.

The bottom of the trough 50 empties into the pump inlet housing 68. The large pipe 36 conveys the stock from the pump discharge housing I2 to the inlet housing 32 of the engine I0.

In proportioning the several elements of the apparatus shown, a stock single stage centrifugal pump of the required capacity and a suitable motor for driving it may flrst be selected. Such a pump and motor may move the stock through the pipe 36 at about 250 feet per minute. A nozzle structure proportioned as shown will then raise this speed to approximately 2,000 feet per minute. The peripheral speed of the beater roll should then be kept at approximately 2,000 feet per minute.

Inasmuch as the turbine eiect of the stock on the roll keeps the roll operating at this speed, the power required for rotating the roll will be only that necessary for performing the cutting and disintegratitng function, and the motor 58 may consequently be selected having a revolution speed suflicient to produce the 2,000 feet per minute roll speed, and power sumcient only to cut and disintegrate the ilbers of the stock.

The proportions above given are given by Way of example only and are in no wise intended to impose a limitation on the scope of the structure. To more clearly dene this structure, I claim:

1. lin paper stock rening apparatus, the combination of a horizontal beater roll, a bedplate, a nozzle structure for directing separate streams of stock under high velocity tangentially against the blades at the edge of the bedplate, sai-d nozzle structure comprising a large main nozzle portion the opening oi which decreases in vertical dimension and increases in horizontal dimension as it approaches the roll, and a series of wedge shaped partitions in the large nozzle opening dividing said opening into a series of smaller nozzles tapering in. both horizontal and vertical dimensions toward said roll.

2. The structure defined in claim l with a spreading plate extending the length of the roll,

positioned to intercept the halves of the streams farthest from the roll, the one edge of the plate being adjacent the nozzle openings and out of the path of the streams and the other edge being adjacent the bedplate and substantially at the middle of the streams.

3. 'Ihe structure defined in claim 1 with a spreading plate extending the length of the roll, positioned to intercept the halves of the streams farthest from the roll, the one edge of the plate being adjacent the nozzle openings and out of the path of the streams and the other being adjacent the bedplate and substantially at the middle of the streams, the transversecross section of said plate being concave on the upper surface where it obstructs said streams.

WILLIAM V. KNOLL. 

